Most current gene therapies are designed to target somatic cells, which means they only affect the individual receiving treatment and are not passed down to future generations. These therapies focus on treating specific tissues or organs and do not alter germline cells (sperm or eggs), which are responsible for passing genetic information to offspring.
However, germline gene therapy—which has the potential to alter the genetic makeup of future generations—is a controversial and highly regulated area of research. Ethical and safety concerns currently prevent its use in humans. This distinction is crucial, as the implications of germline modifications could significantly impact not just individual patients but entire families and future generations.
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