In a promising study, scientists from the Mayo Clinic and Yale University utilized brain organoids—tiny brain models grown from human cells—to investigate the link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the specific brain cell imbalances associated with the condition.
The researchers discovered that individuals with ASD exhibit a notable imbalance in excitatory cortical neurons in the forebrain, which varies depending on the individual's head size. This finding suggests that head size may serve as a potential biomarker for understanding the severity of ASD symptoms.
Additionally, the gene activity within these organoids was examined, allowing researchers to identify changes in specific genetic regulators that could be contributing to this neuronal imbalance. This study represents a significant advancement in understanding ASD, paving the way for improved diagnostic and preventive strategies as well as new treatment options for those affected by the disorder.
The use of brain organoids in this research provides a revolutionary platform for studying human brain development and disease.
Unlike traditional animal models, these organoids closely mimic human brain architecture and cell type diversity. This allows scientists to observe developmental processes in real time and analyze how genetic mutations influence neuronal function and connectivity. By investigating the specific molecular pathways involved in the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance observed in ASD, researchers hope to uncover targeted therapeutic interventions that could rectify these abnormalities and improve cognitive and social functions in individuals with autism.
For more insights into brain organoids, watch the informative video below that explains how these "mini-brains" are made, their research applications, and the limitations of this technology.
(Media source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_LxZx42sIk)
Created: April 30th, 2024
Citation:
Jourdon, A., Wu, F., Mariani, J. et al. Modeling idiopathic autism in forebrain organoids reveals an imbalance of excitatory cortical neuron subtypes during early neurogenesis. Nat Neurosci 26, 1505–1515 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-023-01399-0
Comments