Since its inception in the 1970s, gene therapy has undergone remarkable evolution, transitioning from experimental concepts to viable clinical applications. Initially focused on basic genetic research, early gene therapy trials aimed to treat rare genetic disorders, such as adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID), highlighting the potential of gene modification.
In the 1990s, advancements in viral vector technology improved gene delivery mechanisms, allowing for more efficient and targeted therapy. Over the years, the field has expanded to include cutting-edge techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, enabling precise editing of genes and revolutionizing the way genetic disorders can be addressed.
Recent years have seen significant breakthroughs, including the approval of several gene therapies for conditions like spinal muscular atrophy and certain inherited retinal diseases. Ongoing research continues to explore applications for a wide range of diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, indicating that gene therapy is becoming an integral part of modern medicine
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