Here are some of the key obstacles:
Delivery Mechanisms: One of the primary challenges is finding effective ways to deliver therapeutic genes into the target cells. Viral vectors, while commonly used, can pose risks and may not efficiently reach all desired tissues.
Immune Responses: The body’s immune system can recognize viral vectors as foreign and mount an immune response, potentially neutralizing the therapy before it can be effective. This reaction can lead to complications and reduced efficacy.
Duration of Effect: Many gene therapies may only provide temporary benefits. Ensuring long-term expression of the therapeutic gene remains a critical challenge.
Genetic Variability: Individual genetic differences can influence how patients respond to gene therapy, complicating treatment plans and outcomes.
Ethical and Regulatory Issues: The rapid advancement of gene therapy raises ethical concerns, particularly regarding germline modifications, and necessitates stringent regulatory oversight to ensure patient safety.
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